ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Today, the cultural industries are increasingly important and will play a key role in the future of the world economy and culture. The main purpose of countries planning their economic future based on cultural industries is to preserve and develop their own culture first, and then economic dynamics. Taking into account the social and cultural geometry of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, preserving and developing one's own culture is a priority, and policy making in the cultural industries must be pursued. In addition, given that the planning of the Iranian economy in the recent years is in line with the resistive economy, the dynamics of cultural industries can contribute to the endogenous economic growth of the country and, consequently, be used to implement the resistive economy. This research was conducted through the analysis of the content of 35 in-depth interviews with cultural industry experts and practitioners. Using the content analysis method, four general themes have been identified as indexes of the cultural industries, which include: spreading the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the dynamics of the urban economy, being popular, and participatory. Each of the themes has also been identified in five key areas for the exploitation of indigenous cultural industries, including the areas of production, infrastructure, market, investment, and vocational education, and each has provided strategies and suggestions. The most important proposals include the creation of a new technology investment program, the creation of a city's cultural and artistic creativity register, the creation of a secretariat or council for the development of cultural industries, and the creation of a venture capital fund.

This paper review the factors related to patterns of cultural consumption among 532 Women while consideration of structure of women’ taste in Qom province, by Katz-Gerro & Sullivan’ voraciousness approach. Results showed that in terms of components of consumption pattern (in that, diversity and frequency), women in Qom province can be categorized in two group. In terms of diversity of cultural activity, women of this province are univorous and participate in low-brow culture in that in 1 to 3 cultural activities. In terms of diversity of cultural frequency, women of this province are ostravorous and frequency of their cultural activity is zero. In addition, the most important determinants of both diversity and frequency of women’ cultural activity in this province were economic capital, human capital, age, marital situation and employment situation. Results implied that most women in Qom province didn’t arrived to degree of middle-brow consumer (popular) and higher stage, voracious consumer, and pattern of their cultural consumption is limited to ostravorous and univorous, in that low-brow culture.

Cultural entrepreneurship is one of the dimensions of economic development. Focusing on it is one of the factors behind the progress and success of the developed countries. This has led to more attention in this category in Iran. More recently it has become one of the main sources of income for artists in the field of art and culture. The current research aims to identify and categorize the entrepreneurial mindset of cultural entrepreneurship in Ilam province. The theoretical framework of this research is a kind of interpretive-positivist paradigm. The research method in terms of purpose is an applied, exploratory, and using Q method. In this regard, first, using theoretical literature and conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 cultural experts in the field of cultural entrepreneurship selected as snowball sampling, 110 effective factors in cultural entrepreneurship were identified. Of these factors, 43 factors were selected as the sample of the research. Then, eight of the professors and experts in the field of cultural entrepreneurship were selected purposefully And their mentality after rating Q cards was identified using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software. The results showed that eight subjects had a total of three mental patterns on cultural entrepreneurship: cultural innovation, cultural marketing and cultural affairs. These patterns account for 63. 810% of total variance. The first mental pattern is 29. 480 percent, the second mental pattern is 19. 291 percent, and the third subjective pattern is 15. 039 percent of the total variance.

Cultural translation is one of the most important Linguistic necessities of interdisciplinary studies in which its purpose is matching the cultural Themes of variant disciplines. Cultural semiotics has tree models for this purpose: Cultural Other, Semiosphere & Creolization. The model of Cultural Other supposes Empathy as a key for resolving “other” in Intercultural communication. Semiosphere is the one in which its center the cultural texts introduce and outside of it, anarchy threats the inside of Semiosphere; And it is the Cooperation of inside and outside of the Semiosphere that create a new culture. In Creolization model, the formation of Intercultural languages has examined. Knowing the state of this, could lead the interdisciplinary researchers into a criterion interdisciplinary. Undoubtedly the cultural semiotics which its emphasis is on the linguistic symptoms is the best discipline for the study of Linguistic necessities in interdisciplinary studies. So the cultural semiotics models are the maintain Framework for this article.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the best pattern for feeding infants in the first 6 months of life. On the other hand, lactation patterns may be influenced by cultural factors. The present study aimed to determine relationships of Hofstede's cultural dimensions and lactation patterns in lactating mother. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 452 mothers with infants 6 months old and younger in 2018. Eight centers were selected from all health centers in Isfahan, Iran through cluster random sampling. The samples were lactating mothers who referred to health centers for receiving self and infant care. Data was collected using two questionnaires. The first questionnaire examined personal and fertility characteristics and lactation patterns. The second questionnaire was a self-administered structured questionnaire for cultural dimensions. Content validity index and relative content validity coefficient were respectively 0. 80 and 0. 70 for the cultural dimension questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. 0. Results: The majority of mothers (64. 4%, n=291) had exclusive breastfeeding. In the masculinityfemininity dimension, the mean score of exclusive breastfeeding pattern was higher than the nonexclusive breastfeeding (3± 0. 48, 2. 48± 0. 50) and there were significant statistical differences between exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding groups (p = 0. 03). In other cultural dimensions, despite there being a difference in mean of the dimensions in exclusive breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding groups, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Masculinity-femininity as a cultural dimension was associated with lactation patterns, so that mothers with greater orientation towards masculinity had higher focus on gender roles of a woman such as breastfeeding and they had greater exclusive breastfeeding. But others dimensions were not associated with lactation patterns.

This study aims to investigate women in Kiarostami cinema in different historical and social periods to discover and represent the cultural patterns that have dominated women's society.On this basis, three sweet movies, Report and Ten, have been selected as the field and sample of the study based on the purposeful sampling method. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the theory of representation, and Barth's semiotic analysis method was used to analyze and interpret the data. According to the results of the research, since the power is historically, socially and symbolically in the hands of men, therefore, cultural concepts and categories are defined based on the male system and are inherently dominant concepts.These concepts and categories in (the film report) are made in passive and violent subjects, in (the film Shirin) they are incapable and of course can be used in some cases for the benefit of men's conditions and in (the film Ten), they are dependent on the decisions and preferences of men's society. , have been represented which, in fact, introduces women as having a subordinate and non-independent identity.In this way, women face not only structural and social obstacles for progress and change in their lives, but the structure of the patriarchal system, like conscience, is deeply rooted in their minds and thoughts, and even in their absence, it sends a powerful message to women and to them. He reminds them to follow the instructions.

In addition to the curriculum and the learning targets, there are some other points – as “the culture of the real life”, “patterns of communication and virtual - life’s experiencing”, and generally “pattern of communication and internet usage”- should be considered in evaluating internet. Applying results of a survey on the impacts of both the web - based and the traditional educational methods on students’ learning and motivation, the present study explores the patterns of internet usage. Research method is experimental, using the t test for independent groups and analyzing multi - variable regression, and some points as the population, method of sampling and data gathering is explained in the article. Results show that there is a meaningful difference between the grades of the test group and the witness group; thus variable of “the internet usage” could predict changes in learning. In other words, supra - usage of internet would decrease learning and curriculum development. However, using internet for scientific and schooling would cause students to correlate their patterns of computer and internet usage. As results show, decline in entertaining usage of internet is related to the socio - cultural context, way and amount of participating in the web, and the quality of virtual learning sphere, rather than the interest or disinterest of the users.

This article is designed with the aim of drawing a model of resilience of tourism businesses in social and cultural crises. In this research, the qualitative methodology of conventional content analysis has been used. The informants in this research were twenty-two employees and managers of tourism businesses in the private, public and intermediate sectors, who were selected through purposeful sampling and based on criteria such as maximum diversity (age and gender, education, etc.). The city of Shiraz is considered as the study field of the current research. The data obtained in this project have been analyzed through the conceptual network technique. Nine conceptual networks have been built in this research. These networks include "Using existing capacities in business", "Strategic and operational flexibility", "Correct planning to provide the resources needed by the organization", "Modeling", "Strengthening psychological resilience", "International policy making", " social capital", "knowledge management" and "change and innovation in business". These concepts are the constituent components of business resilience model in times of crisis.